Animal pain and the importance of the owner-veterinarian relationship
Animal pain, in all the complexity and diversity of its expression, requires a professional and expert approach. Only veterinary consultation carried out in close exchange between the owners of these animals and veterinarians can provide answers.
Each member of the family is the first and best observer of the animal's health. He must be attentive to any change in behavior or habit.
The expression of pain is unique to each animal, regardless of its age and state of health.
His pain can be managed.
During a consultation dedicated to pain management, the attending veterinarian will be able to recommend a treatment protocol, which will probably evolve with the state of health of your companion.
According to the official definition of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) used by the WHO and many professional associations:
“pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or described in terms of, actual or potential tissue damage.”
https://www.iasp-pain.org/
This current International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) definition of pain was recommended by the Taxonomy Subcommittee and adopted by the IASP Council in 1979. It has been widely accepted by health professionals and researchers in the field of pain and adopted by several professional, governmental and non-governmental organizations, including the World Health Organization.
At this date there is no mention of animal pain.
In 2018, the IASP established a 14-member multinational, multidisciplinary working group, comprised of individuals with broad expertise in the clinical and basic sciences related to pain, to evaluate the current definition and rating of pain. support and recommend their maintenance or modification.
The new definition proposed and validated by the IASP Council is as follows:
“An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage.”
Revised IASP Definition of Pain (2020)
It is completed by the addition of six notes:
1- Pain is always a personal experience that is influenced to varying degrees by biological, psychological, and social factors.
2- Pain and nociception are different phenomena. Pain cannot be inferred solely from activity in sensory neurons.
3- Through their life experiences, individuals learn the concept of pain.
4- A person’s report of an experience as pain should be respected.*
5- Although pain usually serves an adaptive role, it may have adverse effects on function and social and psychological well-being.
6- Verbal description is only one of several behaviors to express pain; inability to communicate does not negate the possibility that a human or a non-human animal experiences pain.
For more information regarding this evolution of the definition of pain:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7680716/
Veterinary profession is particularly sensitive to note 6 for its inclusion of the "non-human animal": animal pain is clearly expressed.humain".
These guidelines outline the different methods for identifying and treating pain in domestic carnivores
https://www.aaha.org/globalassets/02-guidelines/2022-pain-management/resources/2022-aaha-pain-management-guidelines-for-dog-and-cats_updated_060622.pdf
Acute pain persisting beyond 3 months develops into chronic pain. Pain is then no longer a symptom but becomes an illness.
Chronic pain is a disease.
It is subdivided into 4 classes according to the physiopathological mechanisms they involve:
We invite you to consult your veterinarian if you would like your pet to benefit from Doléonat® expertise. No one else is more fully trained in the management of animal pain and will be able to support you in a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach.
Linked to phenomena of inflammation which persist abnormally. For example, joint pain: chronic activation of pain fibers leads to their sensitization which then spreads to the entire pain system. Also, even when treating the cause peripherally, the system can remain hyper-reactive.
They are associated with damage to the central or peripheral nervous system (nerve damage, injury, etc.), the spinal cord, linked to amputations or a stroke, etc. The lesions directly concern the pain detection system, they make the alarm system faulty and uncontrollable by conventional analgesics.
They combine an inflammatory component and a neuropathic component, as in lumbosciatica. This pain is often encountered in the context of cancer or after surgery.
They are linked to damage to nociception (pain detection system) in which no lesion is found. They would be based on a modification of the pain control and modulation systems. Present in particular in patients suffering from fibromyalgia, functional intestinal disorders or in certain chronic headaches
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